4^th Annual Conference on Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Osteoporosis December 07-07, 2020 Prague, Czech Republic

\r\n Neurology encompasses all aspects of medication and surgery, however is nearer to medical science surgery than several different specialties. Both medicine deficits and bone disorders result in movement system abnormalities, joint complications and limb issues. The main medicine conditions that need the eye of associate medical science doc square measure disorders that have an effect on the lower motor neurons. The most common disorders during this cluster embody fiber bundle disorders and traumatic peripheral nerve lesions. Upper motor neuron disorders such as cerebral palsy and stroke are also frequently seen and discussed, as are chronic conditions such as poliomyelitis. The management of those medicine issues is commonly coordinated within the neurology clinic, and this cluster, in all probability over the other, needs a multidisciplinary team approach. Neurology is the medical specialty that focuses on the evaluation and treatment of injuries and conditions affecting the central nervous system, which includes the brain and the spinal cord, the peripheral nervous system, and the autonomic nervous system. The nervous system is a highly complex and critical component of the human body, responsible for transmitting signals between different parts of the body through nerves and neurons. From migraines and memory disorders to dizziness and balance disorders, neurological conditions can affect all areas of the body. If you are experiencing any of the following symptoms, it’s important to seek treatment as soon as possible before your injury or condition worsens.

\r\n •           Consistent or worsening migraines

\r\n •           Neck, back, arm, and leg pain

\r\n •           Loss of balance when walking

\r\n •           Weakness in a specific area of the arm or leg

\r\n •           Loss of memory

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\r\n Shoulder and elbow disorders are often associated with baseball players and other athletes. But they can affect people from all walks of life. We constantly use these joints to lift, reach, push and pull. So it's no wonder many of us come down with pain, stiffness or other problems in our shoulder or elbows. Your shoulder is called a ball-and-socket joint. That’s because the top of your upper arm has a rounded shape, like a ball. It fits into a cup shaped hollow (socket) in your shoulder bone. Ball-and-socket joints are highly flexible. In fact, your shoulder has a broader, more diverse range of motion than any other joint in your body. The elbow is a hinge joint that connects your forearm to your upper arm. It allows you to bend and straighten your arm .your shoulders and elbows are held together by various tissues. Ligaments connect the bones to other bones. Tendons connect bones with muscles. And a layer of slippery tissue called cartilage covers the ends of your bones. This helps them glide against one another throughout movement. If something harms part of your joint – whether it's a bone or the tissue around it – you may have pain, weakness, numbness and other symptoms that make it hard to use your arm or shoulder.

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\r\n Orthopedic injuries include any injury to the musculoskeletal system. Often, these injuries relating to the bones and joints are a result of an accident or trauma to the body. 

\r\n COMMON ORTHOPEDIC INJURY CATEGORIES

\r\n Injuries that can occur in most joints of the body include some of the following:

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• \r\n Dislocations
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• \r\n Fractures
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• \r\n Breaks
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• \r\n Hernia(Sports Hernia)
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• \r\n Impingement
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• \r\n Overuse Injuries
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• \r\n Sprains
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\r\n Sometimes, though, injuries can become more common with getting older. Age alone can be a risk factor for orthopedic injuries and other conditions seen by orthopedic specialists. For example, broken hips, compression fractures and osteoporosis are much more common in elderly patients. As people age, their bones tend to lose density, which makes them more prone to breaks or compression fractures. Some acute common orthopedic injuries were:

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• \r\n Sprained ankle
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• \r\n ACL tear
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• \r\n Libra tear
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• \r\n Tennis elbow
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• \r\n Wrist fracture
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• \r\n Stress fracture
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• \r\n Compression fracture
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\r\n A fracture could be a break, sometimes in an exceedingly bone. If the broken bone punctures the skin, it's referred to as associate degree open or fracture. Fractures usually happen owing to automobile accidents, falls, or sports injuries. Other causes area unit low bone density and pathology that cause weakening of the bones. Overuse will cause stress fractures, those area unit terribly little cracks within the bone.

\r\n Symptoms of a fracture are:

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• \r\n Intense pain
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• \r\n Deformity - the limb looks out of place
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• \r\n Swelling,bruising,or tenderness around the injury
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• \r\n Numbness and tingling
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• \r\n Problems moving a limb
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\r\n You need to urge medical aid directly for any fracture. An x-ray will tell if your bone is broken. You may tough to wear a forged or splint. Sometimes you wish surgery to place in plates, pins or screws to stay the bone in situ.

\r\n The types of fractures were:

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• \r\n Avulsion fracture
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• \r\n Comminuted fracture
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• \r\n Fracture dislocation
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• \r\n Compression fracture
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• \r\n Hairline fracture
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• \r\n Spiral facture
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• \r\n Torus fracture
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• \r\n Transverse fracture
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\r\n Physiotherapy, conjointly noted as therapy, is Associate in Nursing allied profession that creates use of bio – mechanics or physiology, manual medical aid, exercise medical aid and electrotherapy, to assist patients restore, maintain and increase their physical quality, strength and performance. Physiotherapists square measure higher ready to facilitate patients regain quality, as they need a far better understanding of however the bodyworks and square measure trained in clinical skills to assess, diagnose and treat disabilities. Physiotherapists will facilitate patients pass though injuries and disabilities starting from back pain, neck pain, knees pain to ligament problems. Physiotherapy conjointly helps within the rehabilitation of patients tormented by Parkinson’s, Paralysis, Stroke, degenerative disorder and encephalopathy. Furthermore, physiotherapists can heal both chronic and acute problems by treating patients at home. Physiotherapy has over the years proven its effectiveness in serving to patients in restoring their health and enhancing their physical strength, perform and quality. To additional enhance your expertise with physical therapy, our Physiotherapists in person visit you and perform Physicaltherapy reception.

\r\n Some of the advantages of obtaining physical therapy reception embody were:

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• \r\n Enables convenience
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• \r\n Provides personalized care
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• \r\n Brings about a faster healing process
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• \r\n No mobility issues
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• \r\n Better time management
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• \r\n Cost effective
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• \r\n Family support and supervision 
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\r\n Doctors perform connective tissue repair surgery to repair a connective tissue injury. Their job is to permit the body to maneuver and to transfer weight. Tendons also help protect joints from damage.

\r\n There are two main types of tendon:

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• \r\n Flexor tendons - which work by tightening to pull on the bones. An example of employing a striated muscle connective tissue is once somebody makes a mitt.
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• \r\n Extensor tendons - which work by stretching the part of the body needs to move outward, such as standing on the toes or straightening the fingers.
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\r\n       People who could need connective tissue repair surgery embrace those with:

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• \r\n A deep cut that severs a tendon
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• \r\n An  injury from contact sports
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• \r\n A tear or injury due to rheumatoid arthritis
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\r\n If someone visits the doctor with a connective tissue injury, a doctor will carry out an initial physical examination of the injured area.

\r\n They will check for:

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• \r\n If the injury is due to a cut, foreign objects.
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• \r\n Blood loss
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• \r\n Signs of infection
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• \r\n Other injuries, such as fractures, dislocations, nerve injuries, or injuries to the blood vessels.
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\r\n The doctor will compare the injured a part of the body to the non-injured aspect, checking for a difference in the range of motion. They will also likely ask the person to try to move the damaged part of their body in different directions to get a more accurate diagnosis of the injury. Imaging tests, as ultrasounds and MRIs, can also help diagnose the Main cause and location of the tendon injury. Tendon injuries often require surgical treatment.

\r\n The aims of tendon repair surgery are:

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• \r\n To bring back traditional vary of motion and performance to AN injured  connective tissue
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• \r\n To provide pain relief
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\r\n There are 3 potential kinds of anesthetic a doctor could use:

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• \r\n General anesthetic: The person is going to be unconscious and unable to feel any pain.
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• \r\n Regional anesthetic: This anesthetic will numb a large area of the body around the affected area. The person are going to be awake throughout surgery however won't feel pain.
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• \r\n Local anesthetic: This anesthetic numbs only the area that needs surgery. The person are going to be awake throughout the procedure however won't feel any pain.
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\r\n The type of anesthetic a person receives will depend on:

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• \r\n Their medical history
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• \r\n Where the tendon is in the body.
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\r\n The Diseases of the Tendons, Muscles, ligaments associated with the joint; articular fractures; developmental and congenital disorders. And various arthritis’s can be associated with the joint dysfunction and disease. An arthropathy is the disease that affects the joint it can affect the single joint or many joints. Arthritis is defined as condition causing inflammation with joint. Arthritis can affect the multiple joints.

\r\n The inflammatory joint diseases –Infectious

\r\n ·         Septic(bacterial)

\r\n ·         Fungal arthritis

\r\n ·         Lyme borreliosis

\r\n ·         Rickettsia arthritis

\r\n ·         Mycoplasma

\r\n ·         Bacterial –form-associated

\r\n ·         viral   -form-associated

\r\n Radiographic changes which will be seen with arthritis embody per-articular joint swelling; joint effusion; collapse of the joint space; destruction of sub choral bone; and, in advanced cases, hypertrophic exocytosis, fibrous amyloses, and angular limb deformities

\r\n The medical science devices sector could be a dynamic field of the medical device trade. Devices accessible are often classified, as an example, as joint reconstruction, orthobiologics, trauma fixation devices, spinal devices, accessories, braces and arthroscopic devices. The industry is constantly innovating, adding new products to meet varying needs. 3D-printed implants and instruments, new biomaterials, computer-assisted surgical procedures and smart implants are only few examples of innovative products that improve clinical outcomes. At the same time, new automation technologies and robotics are increasingly deployed in the manufacturing process, predictably delivering high quality devices for the growing market. Consequently, the global orthopedics industry is expected to reach an estimated USD 62.6 billion by 2022 and is forecasted to grow at a CAGR of 5.5% from 2017 to 2021. An aging population, rising rates of obesity, 3 orthopedic diseases, degeneration and sports related injuries are more reasons leading to the increase.

\r\n As new innovations emerge, the developmental process can be complex and will be subjected to increased regulation and responsibility. In a highly competitive environment largely driven by innovation, orthopedic medical device manufacturers will face numerous challenges. Some of these challenges include high cost of innovation, obligation to conduct pre-market clinical investigations, stringent requirements of MDR and compliance to the Medical Device Single Audit Program(MDSAP).

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\r\n Modern orthopedics is the general treatment for the fractures and other musculoskeletal problems. The modern study includes knee replacement, hip replacement systems, by using of the techniques of joint replacement .The use of the tibia and femur, remedy for fractures and tuberculosis etc. The musculoskeletal and orthopedic surgery research has sought to make surgery in less invasive and to make the implanted components better and more durable.

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\r\n WHOs recent report depicts that traumatic injuries are the cause of around 10% of mortality each year. Orthopedic traumas are specifically associated with severe harm to the system of a body, inflicting loss of operate. It involves serious bone or ligament injuries that need immediate skilled help from a specialist in orthopedic surgery or trauma.

\r\n Orthopedic trauma devices play a key role in the surgical treatment of traumatic orthopedic injuries. Owing to staggering increase in road accidents and severe fracture incidences worldwide, the worldwide orthopedic trauma fixation devices market has been witnessing important growth since the past few years. The market is estimated to expand at a healthy CAGR of 7.2% during the forecast period, 2014-2020. The market value attained US$ 5.7 Bann in 2013, which is expected to reach US$ 9.4 Bann by 2020 end.

\r\n The devices such as;

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• \r\n 4Fusion
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• \r\n ADAPT for Gamma3
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• \r\n Allograft wedges
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• \r\n Auto fix
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• \r\n Avanta cms
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• \r\n Cannulated screws
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• \r\n AxSOS 3 Ti Proximal Humerus
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• \r\n AxSOS 3 Ti Proximal Tibia
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• \r\n Rhead  platting
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\r\n The orthopedic trauma device market is further broken down into ten different segments: plates and screws, bio absorbable fixation, intramedullary nails, cannulated screws, intramedullary hip screws, conventional hip screws, staple fixation, bone pins, external fixation and bone growth stimulators

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\r\n Orthopedic surgeons use a range of diagnostic tests to assist determines the precise nature of your contractile organ injury or condition. An orthopedist conjointly uses results of those tests to arrange associate applicable course of treatment. Here are a number of the fore most of times used diagnostic tests for contractile organ injuries and conditions.

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\r\n The diagnosis types were

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• \r\n Arthrography
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• \r\n Blood tests
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• \r\n Bone scan
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• \r\n Computed tomography (CT scan)
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• \r\n Discography
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• \r\n Doppler ultra sound
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• \r\n Dual -photon absorptiometry
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• \r\n Dual – energy x-ray absorptiometry
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• \r\n Electromyography(EMG)
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• \r\n Joint aspiration & analysis
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• \r\n Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
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• \r\n Muscle tests
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• \r\n Radiographs (x-rays)
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• \r\n Ultrasonography
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\r\n Orthopedic biomechanics is concerning discovering and doubtless optimizing the mechanical stresses experienced by traditional, diseased, injured, or surgically treated bones, joints, and soft tissues. This subfield of study is particularly influenced by two groups of specialists, namely, orthopedic surgeons and biomechanical engineers. Orthopedic surgeons are on the “clinical frontline,” as they treat patients by performing procedures like total or partial joint replacement, bone fracture repair, soft tissue repair, limb deformity correction, and bone tumor removal. Biomechanical engineers square measure  on the  “technological frontline,” as they discover  the fundamental mechanical properties of human tissues, style and check the structural stress limits of medical science, and develop new and improved biological an artificial biomaterials. Consequently, the strategy for conducting newest experimental analysis in orthopedically biomechanics in hospitals, universities, and business, includes a mixture of orthopedically surgery, mechanical testing, and medical imaging Injuries with loading involving higher speedy velocities dissipate bigger energy and end in bigger fracture communication, soft tissue harm and displacement. Long bone shaft fractures resulting from high-energy injuries have a higher rate of bone healing complications than fractures of low-energy injuries due to severity of soft tissue injury associated with high-energy injuries.

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\r\n If any of the person sustains an injury during exercise, sports participation, or any other type of the physical activity. Then you may advised to the sports medicine doctor for treatment    

\r\n The convergence of sports, medicine and exercise may be a space advancing specialty that integrates therapeutic and preventive use of exercise, fitness development for athletic performance, sports-injury interference and treatment, sports nutrition.  

\r\n Sports medicine isn't a medicine in itself. Most medical specialty doctors are certified in medicine, medical special, medicalpractice, another Specialty so receive further coaching. Others specialize in treating injuries in children and teens, whose growing bodies can be quite different from those of adults. They are typically board-certified in medicine, or medicalpractice, with further coaching in medical specialty.

\r\n Some, however not all, sports medicine doctors have surgical training, too, usually as orthopedic surgeons. Other professional’s World Health Organization doesn’t seem to be doctors may go in conjunction with a medical specialty doctor to supply care:

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• \r\n Physical therapists. They help people rehabilitate and recover from injuries.
  \r\n Certified athletic trainers.
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\r\n  These trainers offer rehabilitative exercise routines to assist patients regain strength and develop learning programs to stop future injury

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• \r\n Nutritionists. They will assist with required Weight Loss and World Health Organization will offer dietary recommendation to assist folks improve their physical functioning
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\r\n Orthopedics is that the medical that targeted on the interference, correction, diagnosing and treatment of patients with skeletal deformities-disorders of joints, bones, tendons, ligaments, nerves and skin. This element shows musculoskeletal system. The musculoskeletal system is the complex system of joints, bones, ligaments, muscles nerves, and tendons allows you to move, And to be active. Orthopedics now cares all the ages, from new born with clubfeet and young athletes requires arthroscopy and to old people with arthritis. The physicians who specialize in the area were called as orthopedists or orthopedic surgeons.

\r\n In general, orthopedists square measure proficient within the:

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• \r\n Treatment with medication, surgery, exercise or other treatment plans.
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• \r\n Diagnosis of the injury or disorder.
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• \r\n Prevention with the information and treatment plans to prevent the injury or slows the progression of diseases.
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• \r\n Rehabilitation by recommending exercises or Physicaltherapy to restore movement, function and strength.
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\r\n Orthopedist also works closely with our health care professionals and often serves as a consultant to other physicians. They are the members of the teams that manage the complex, multi system trauma and often plays the important role in the organization and delivers of the emergency care.

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\r\n Orthopedic trauma may be a severe injury within the part of musculoskeletal system, it usually the results of an abrupt accidents requiring immediate medical attention. And not all orthopedic traumas is life-threatening, it is life altering. Physicians of orthopedic trauma are unique and they were specializing in complex injuries tobones soft joints (like muscles, tendons, and ligaments) and joints throughout the entire body. Mostly orthopedic specialists specialize in just one body part. Others they may provide more general care but they won’t treat more acute fractures, which are more difficult to fix. Orthopedic trauma physicians receive the training in the field of orthopedic surgery with a special focus on the treatment of joint realignment to promote the safety recovery and return of functionality to the injured body parts so, they often treat patients with compound fractures ,multiple broken bones and fractures near a joint (like a hip or knee).

\r\n The most common traumatic injuries are:

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• \r\n Falls
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• \r\n Severe coughing
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• \r\n Sporting accidents
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• \r\n Other type of accidents
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• \r\n Blows to specific parts of the body
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• \r\n Twisting ankle
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\r\n Arthritis is the inflammation of one more of your joints. The symptoms were jointpain and stiffness, which typically worsen with the age. There are more than 100 types of arthritis but most relevant types of arthritis were osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. The most common symptoms were Swelling, stiffness, pain, redness, pain. The complications foe severe Arthritis, particularly affects your hands or arms, can make it difficult for you to perform daily tasks. Arthritis of weight-bearing joints can keep you from sitting up straight and walk comfortably; joints may become deformed and twisted. Arthritis causes cartilage is a firm but flexible connective tissue in the joints it protects the joints by shocks created, and absorbing the pressure. When you move and put stress on them a decrease in the normal amount of the cartilage tissue cause some forms of arthritis. Addition of physical therapy involving exercises that helps the strength the muscles around the affectedjoint is the core component of arthritis treatment. 

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\ Osteoarthritis & Rheumatoid are different type of arthritis. They are having similar characteristics but having different symptoms and required different treatment so accurate diagnosis is important. Osteoarthritis is common form of arthritis. This commonly occurs with age. Rheumatoid arthritis affects more than one-tenth as many effects with osteoarthritis. The both difference is the cause behind the joint symptoms. Osteoarthritis is caused by tear on joints and mechanical wear. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease in which the body‘s own immune system attacks the body joints Osteoarthritis is the most common type of arthritis affecting 27 million Americans but the things are changing, Treatments are better. Rheumatoid arthritis, is an inflammatory conditions in which your immune system attacks the tissues in your joints it causes stiffness and pain that worsen over several weeks and few months

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\ Arthroplasty may be a surgery to revive the Perform of a joint. A joint is restored by resurfacing the bones. An artificial joint (called prosthesis) may be used. Various types of arthritis may affect the joints. Osteoarthritis, or chronicjoint illness, is a loss of the cartilage or cushion in a joint, and is the most common reason for Arthroplasty. Arthroplasty could also be used once medical treatments not effectively relieve joint pain and incapacity. Some medical treatments for arthritis which will be used before surgical procedure include:

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• \ Anti-Inflammatory medicines
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• \ Pain Medicines
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• \ Limiting painful activities
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• \ Assistive devices for walking (such as a cane)
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• \ Physicaltherapy
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• \ Cortisone injections into a knee joint
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• \ Viscos Supplementation injections (to add lubrication into the joint to create joint movement less painful)
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• \ WeightLoss (for obese people)
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• \ Exercise and conditioning
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\ People who have surgical procedure typically have substantial improvement in their joint pain, ability to perform activities, and quality of life. Most joint surgery involves the hip and knee, with surgery on the gliding joint, elbow, shoulder, and fingers being done less often Arthroplasty usually require a stay in a hospital. Procedures could vary looking on your condition and your care provider's practices. Arthroplasty could also be done whereas you're asleep underneath general anesthesia, or whereas you're awake underneath localized physiological state. Your anesthesiologist will discuss this with you in advance.

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\ Osteoporosis is the bone disease that occurs when the body makes too littlebone, or loses too much bone or both. As such the bones become weak and may break from a fall or, in serious cases. From Minor bumps, More than 54 million Americans have Osteoporosis and low bone mass. Placing at increased risk for osteoporosis .some of the studies suggest that approximately one in two women and to one in four men age 50 and older will break a bone due to Osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is called a silent disease because one can can’t feel bones weakening. Breaking the bone is the first sign of osteoporosis. It can be effect the both male and female, but mostly effected in women after Menopause because sudden decrease in estrogen, that normally protects against osteoporosis it causes bones to become brittle and weak. Mostly affects the men and women of all races. As specific white and Asian women medications, healthy diet and weight bearing mostly exercise can help to prevent the boneloss. The major factors that increase the osteoporosis were Age, Lifestyle choice, and medical conditions and treatments.

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